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Zhmaylo Uprising
The Zhmaylo Uprising ((ポーランド語:Powstanie Żmajły)) was a Cossack rebellion headed by Marek Zhmaylo against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1625. On 5 November Marek Zhmaylo was deprived of his title and Hetman Mykhailo Doroshenko was chosen to sign the Treaty of Kurukove, pledging allegiance to the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.
==Background==
In the late 16th century Poland introduced the institution of the Registered Cossacks, which granted some privileges to the militant Cossack people inhabiting territories of today Ukraine, then mostly controlled by Poland.〔 Cossacks were allowed to serve in special units in the Polish military, but during the times of peace the Poles intended to reduce the number of Cossacks on the register and turn them into peasants.〔 This happened again after the Polish-Ottoman War, in which aftermath the 40,000 mobilized Cossacks led then by Hetman Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny were reduced to 5,000.〔
In response, the Cossacks began diplomatic endeavors with their Commonwealth neighbors, including the Tatars and the Muscovy.〔 The Polish-Lithuanian government sent a special commission headed by Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski, but two attempts to negotiate a truce failed.〔 In September of 1625 Koniecpolski gathered an army to quell the unrest.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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